Batman

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This article is about the superhero. For other uses, see Batman (disambiguation).

Batman
Promotional art for Batman #608 (Oct. 2002, second printing) Pencils by Jim Lee and inks by Scott Williams
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
First appearance	Detective Comics #27 (May 1939)
Created by	Bob Kane (concept) Bill Finger[1] (developer, uncredited)
In-story information
Alter ego	Bruce Wayne
Team affiliations	Batman Family Justice League Wayne Enterprises Outsiders
Partnerships	Robin Batgirl Superman
Notable aliases	Matches Malone Sir Hemingford Grey

Batman, originally referred to as "the Bat-Man" and still referred to at times as "the Batman", is a fictional character, a comic book superhero co-created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger (although only Kane receives official credit), appearing in publications by DC Comics. The character first appeared in Detective Comics #27 in May 1939.

He is additionally known as "the Caped Crusader", "the Dark Knight" and "the World's Greatest Detective"; in the original version of the story and the vast majority of subsequent retellings, Batman's secret identity is Bruce Wayne (named for the historical figures Robert the Bruce and "Mad" Anthony Wayne)^[2], a playboy, industrialist, and philanthropist. Having witnessed the murder of his parents as a child, he swore revenge on crime, an oath tempered with the greater ideal of justice. Wayne trains himself both physically and intellectually and dons a bat-themed costume in order to fight crime.^[3] Batman operates in the fictional American Gotham City, assisted by various supporting characters including his crime-fighting partner, Robin, his butler Alfred Pennyworth, the police commissioner Jim Gordon, and occasionally the heroine Batgirl. He fights an assortment of villains influenced by the characters' roots in film and pulp magazines. Unlike most superheroes, he does not possess any superpowers; he makes use of intellect, detective skills, science and technology, wealth, physical prowess, and intimidation in his continuous war on crime. In 2009, following Wayne's apparent "death" (in truth, time-displacement), the role of Batman has been taken up by his former ward and the first Robin, Dick Grayson. Wayne will return as Batman in Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne.

Batman became a popular character soon after his introduction and gained his own comic book title, Batman, in 1940. As the decades wore on, differing interpretations of the character emerged. The late 1960s Batman television series used a camp aesthetic which continued to be associated with the character for years after the show ended. Various creators worked to return the character to his dark roots, culminating in the 1986 miniseries Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, by writer-artist Frank Miller, while the success of film director Tim Burton's 1989 film Batman helped to reignite popular interest in the character. A cultural icon, Batman has been licensed and adapted into a variety of media, from radio to television and film, and appears on a variety of merchandise sold all over the world.

superstitions

Common Superstitions

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• Friday the thirteenth is an unlucky day
• A rabbit's foot brings good luck
• An apple a day keeps the doctor away
• To find a four-leaf clover is to find good luck
• If you walk under a ladder, you will have bad luck
• If a black cat crosses your path you will have bad luck
• To break a mirror will bring you seven years bad luck
• To open an umbrella in the house is to bring bad luck
• To find a horseshoe brings good luck
• Step on a crack, break your mother's back
• You can break a bad luck spell by turning seven times in a clockwise circle
• Garlic protects from evil spirits and vampires
• Our fate is written in the stars
• At the end of a rainbow is a pot of gold
• Clothes worn inside out will bring good luck
• Wearing your birthstone will bring you good luck
• If you blow out all of the candles on your birthday cake with the first breath you will get whatever you wish for
• To have a wish come true using a wishbone, two people make a wish, then take hold of each end of the bone and pull it until it separates. The person with the longer end gets his or her wish
• An itchy palm means money will come your way
• A beginner will always have good luck: beginner's luck
• A cat has nine lives
• Eating fish makes you smart
• Toads cause warts
• A cricket in the house brings good luck
• Crossing your fingers helps to avoid bad luck and helps a wish come true
• It is bad luck to sing at the table
• It is bad luck to sleep on a table
• After receiving a container of food, the container should never be returned empty
• A lock of hair from a baby's first haircut should be kept for good luck
• A bird that comes in your window brings bad luck
• To refuse a kiss under mistletoe causes bad luck
• Goldfish in the pond bring good luck
• Goldfish in the house bring bad luck
• For good luck, wear new clothes on Easter
• An acorn at the window can keep lightning out of the house
• If the bottom of your feet itch, you will make a trip
• When a dog howls, death is near
• It is bad luck to chase someone with a broom
• A sailor wearing an earring cannot drown
• To find a penny heads up, brings good luck
• To cure a sty, rub it with a gold wedding band
• Animals can talk at midnight on Christmas Eve
• A drowned woman floats face up, a drowned man floats face down
• A person cannot drown before going under three times
• To drop a fork means a woman will visit
• To drop a knife means a man will visit
• To drop a spoon means a child will visit
• To drop a dishcloth means bad luck is coming
• If you shiver, someone is casting a shadow on your grave
• To make a happy marriage, the bride must wear: something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue
• The wedding veil protects the bride from the evil eye
• Washing a car will bring rain
• You must get out of bed on the same side you got in on or you will have bad luck
• Evil spirits cannot harm you when you are standing in a circle
• A cat will try to take the breath from a baby
• Warm hands, cold heart
• Cold hands, warm heart
• It is unlucky to rock an empty rocking chair
• To kill an albatross is to cause bad luck to the ship and all upon it
• Wearing an opal when it is not your birthstone is bad luck
• Smell dandelions, wet the bed
• To give someone a purse or wallet without money in it will bring that person bad luck
• A forked branch, held with a fork in each hand, will dip and point when it passes over water

[edit] Poppies

Wreaths of artificial poppies used as a symbol of remembrance.

Poppies are sold every year as an act of remembrance to fallen soldiers at war.
The poppy's significance to Remembrance Day is a result of Canadian military physician John McCrae's poem In Flanders Fields. The poppy emblem was chosen because of the poppies that bloomed across some of the worst battlefields of Flanders in World War I, their red colour an appropriate symbol for the bloodshed of trench warfare. An American YMCA Overseas War Secretaries employee, Moina Michael, was inspired to make 25 silk poppies based on McCrae's poem, which she distributed to attendees of the YMCA Overseas War Secretaries' Conference.[32] She then made an effort to have the poppy adopted as a national symbol of remembrance, and succeeded in having the National American Legion Conference adopt it two years later. At this conference, a Frenchwoman, Anna E. Guérin, was inspired to introduce the widely used artificial poppies given out today. In 1921 she sent her poppy sellers to London, England, where they were adopted by Field Marshall Douglas Haig, a founder of the Royal British Legion, as well as by veterans' groups in Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The annual selling of poppies is the major source of income for the Royal British Legion in the UK. The poppy has no particular price, it is sold for a donation or the price may be suggested by the individual vendor. The black plastic centre of the poppy was marked "Haig Fund" until 1994.[33]
A small number of people choose to wear white poppies to indicate a preference to look forward to peace rather than backward at the sacrifice. Those who wear the white poppy have, since their introduction in the nineteen twenties, expressed their desire for peaceful alternatives to military action, which may be due to a variety of reasons from the religious, the humanitarian, legal or economic. White Poppies may be home-made, or they are sold by the Peace Pledge Union [34] in the U.K. The Co-operative Women's Guild produced White Poppies in 1933, along with white poppy wreaths.[35] Some of the early white poppies were made of white silk and silver, with the word PEACE across the metal button at the centre.

LORIK CANA

Lorik Cana ( born 27 July 1983) is an Albanian footballer, who currently plays for Sunderland as a defensive midfielder and the Albania national football team. He is also the captain at Sunderland and vice-captain for Albania at international level. He carved his reputation as a strong, tenacious tackler and a leader on the field during his duration in France with Paris Saint-Germain and Marseille.

Paris Saint-Germain

He was invited over by Arsenal at the age of sixteen for a trial, but failed to attend because he was denied English passport.^[1] At Paris Saint-Germain he spent three years working through the ranks of the French club. Lorik finally broke into their first team in 2003 and quickly became one of their main players. During the 2003–04 season, he played 32 games and scored one goal, as the team won the Coupe de France and finished second in the French Division 1 league, proving to be one of the most successful seasons of his career so far. This was repeated the next season when he also played 32 games for the Paris team and scored one goal.

Marseille

However, at the beginning of the 2005–06 season, there was a change of coach at Paris Saint-Germain and Cana fell out of favour. This prompted him to move to the south of France to join the most successful club in French history, Marseille. Since joining Marseille, he has cemented his place in the starting eleven, and scored the winning goal in the first match between his new club (Olympique de Marseille) and his former club (Paris Saint-Germain). He also became team captain since the departure of the former captain Habib Beye to Newcastle United during the summer of 2007.

Sunderland

Cana joined Sunderland on a four-year contract for a fee of around £5 million on 24 July 2009.^[2] He was soon handed the team's captaincy by manager Steve Bruce,^[3] although Bruce later stated a captain had yet to be appointed.^[4] On 15 August Cana made his league debut for Sunderland and contributed with an impressive performance in a 1–0 win over Bolton Wanderers. He has also enjoyed Man Of The Match performances over Chelsea and Blackburn Rovers, becoming a fans favourite already at the club.^[5] He was appointed as Sunderland's captain for the 2009–10 season on 3 September.^[6]

International career

Lorik Cana was eligible to play for either Switzerland, Albania or France, as he has all three passports.^{[citation needed]} Cana has been involved with the Albania national football team since early 2003, after receiving a call-up byfrom their federation. He accepted the invitation and made his international debut on 11 June, at the age of just 19. On 12 September 2007, he was sent off by referee Mike Riley in the 87th minute of Albania's home game against the Netherlands, after an altercation with Wesley Sneijder and Ruud van Nistelrooy. His team conceded a late goal to lose 0–1 shortly after the dismissal. Since his first call-up to the team he has made 36 appearances and scored 1 goal for Albania.